In the territory that is currently occupied by the park, there were many villages, such as Chimanfaya, Boiajo, La Mareta, Chupadero, Santa Catalina, MalasTapias and Peña Palomas, among others, with their corresponding agricultural meadows and large amounts of water reservoirs.
Before the first eruption that, according to historical writings, occurred on 1 September 1730, the population had no knowledge or experience with this kind of phenomena. That was why the eruption affected so deeply the inhabitants of the island. Firstly, the lava flows washed away the villages of La Mareta and Santa Catalina, destroying, during their passage, approximately thirty other villages. The fertile lands disappeared under the lava and the population was forced to leave the island, moving to Fuerteventura or seeking new lands in the central area of Lanzarote. However, the lulls between the different eruptions led to the return of the majority of the population.
The word was quickly spread about the land that, covered by lapilli, produced large and good harvests. The volcanic eruptions, originally seen as catastrophic for the inhabitants, gave rise to a process of great economic development of the island. New population centres start to arise, in order to accommodate all those displaced neighbours of other localities of the island and even from outside it.
One of the cultivation areas, whose development started shortly after the volcanic cycle and which continues to be of great importance, is La Geria. Its name corresponds to a village that existed in that location before the eruptions. The production of wines of this area was soon very appreciated in the European markets, generating a prosperity that was unknown in this locality.
The second eruption process began on 31 July 1824 in the volcano Tao; afterwards in the volcano Chinero, located within the national park; and, finally, in the volcano Tinguatón, ceasing the volcanic activity on 25 October of the same year. This phenomenon had a lower social and economic impact, due to its brevity, to less affected area and to the knowledge the population already had.