The species listed below are included in the categories of "endangered" (END) and "vulnerable" (VUL), as shown in the Spanish Catalogue of Threatened Species or in the Canary Island Catalogue of Protected Species:

The abundance of water courses within the park favours the presence of a multitude of species that are related to them, in one way or another. One of the most remarkable due to its large size is the beetle Meladema imbricata, although it is also possible to observe bedbugs adapted to aquatic areas, such as the zapatero canario (velia lindbergi). Associated with these environments, it is also possible to find dragonflies. Among them, the most notable for its size and intense blue colour of the males is the Anax imperator. Although they are flying insects, they require water for laying eggs.

Among the coleoptera insects, it should be noted the presence of Buprestis berthelotii , an endemic beetle to the Canary Islands. The larvae feed on the dead wood of the pines and Pimelia laevigata laevigata , whose subspecies is endemic to the island. Also endemic to La Palma, in the national park you can enjoy the presence of the small mantis Pseudoyesinia canariensis.

The environment of the caves constitutes a very particular ecosystem, whose distribution is not associated with any particular latitudinal border, making it possible to appear from the summit to the coast. Caves have particular conditions, characterized by the absence of light, stable temperatures and a high level of humidity. The vegetation is almost absent. The invertebrate species that live there present adaptations to the environment, such as loss or reduction of the eyes, lengthening of legs and antennae and loss of pigmentation. The isolation between the caves and the scarce genetic exchange have produced specific differentiation processes, giving rise to endemic species. In the interior of the park is the Cueva de Los Andenes, in which has been found the presence of two endemic troglobite beetles Domene benahoarensis and Trechus benahoaritus. They are not exclusive to the park.

Regarding the vertebrates, birds are the most representative group, occupying both forest and rocky areas and open spaces. Among all the species, the paloma rabiche stands out (columba junoniae). It's a canary endemism that presents the best populations in La Palma. It is more frequent on the Northwestern slope of La Caldera. It lives in damp ravines and nests in the soil.

The most representative bird of the island is the graja (pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax barbarus), corvidae of small size and red bill and legs, which is only distributed on this island. The position of main scavenger of the park is occupied by the cuervo (corvus corax), which nests in the rocky walls of La Caldera.

Among the birds of prey, it is possible to identify the cernícalo (falco tinunculus canariensis), the aguililla (buteo buteo insularum) and the gavilán (accipiter nisus granti). The búho chico (asio otus canariensis) of nocturnal habits is also present.